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Transgene escape in sugar beet production fields: data from six years farm scale monitoring

机译：甜菜生产领域的转基因逃逸：六年农场规模监测的数据

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Concerns have been raised in Europe about the efficiency, sustainability, and environmental impact of the first genetically modified crops. The committees and regulators in charge of approving procedures have encouraged a field trial approach for safety assessment studies under current agronomic conditions. We describe the gene flow from sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) in a multi-year and multi-crop monitoring study on farmers' fields at two locations that has been carried out since 1995. We analyzed two sugar beet lines that have been genetically transformed for herbicide resistance. One sugar beet has resistance to glufosinate and the other to glyphosate. Large differences among lines, years and locations were observed. These differences provided a broad range of situations to estimate the risks. Sugar beet bolters produced the majority (86%) of the herbicide-resistant seeds harvested in the field. Direct pollen flow from sugar beet bolters to weed beets that were growing within the same field as well as in a neighboring field that was left fallow accounted for only 0.4% of the resistant seeds released over the years and locations. Descendants of the hybrids between the sugar beet and the weed beet produced the remaining 13.6% of resistant seeds. Herbicide-resistant seeds from the progeny of the weed beet were recorded up to 112 m away from the closest transgenic pollen donor. Indications were observed of non-randomness of the weed beet producing resistant progeny. We also analyzed pollen flow to male-sterile bait plants located within and outside of the sugar beet field. Herbicide-resistant pollen flow was recorded up to 277 m, and fitted with an inverse power regression. Using sugar beet varieties with no, or very low, sensitivity to bolting and destroying bolters are two necessary measures that could delay gene flow.
机译：在欧洲，人们开始关注第一批转基因作物的效率，可持续性和环境影响。负责批准程序的委员会和监管机构鼓励采用田间试验方法进行当前农艺条件下的安全性评估研究。自1995年以来，我们在两个地方对农民的田地进行了多年期和多次作物监测研究，我们描述了甜菜（Beta vulgaris L.）的基因流。我们分析了两个遗传上已分离的甜菜品系为抗除草剂而转化。一种甜菜对草铵膦具有抗性，另一种对草甘膦具有抗性。观察到线，年和位置之间存在很大差异。这些差异为估计风险提供了广泛的情况。在田间收获的大部分抗除草剂种子中，甜菜bolt虫产生了大部分（86％）。从甜菜抽be机到在同一田地以及附近休耕的相邻田地中生长的杂草甜菜的直接花粉流，仅占多年和不同地点释放的抗性种子的0.4％。甜菜和杂草甜菜之间杂种的后代产生了剩余的13.6％抗性种子。在距最近的转基因花粉供体最远112 m处记录了来自杂草甜菜后代的抗除草剂种子。观察到杂草甜菜产生抗性子代的非随机性。我们还分析了花粉流向甜菜田内外的雄性不育诱饵植物的情况。记录了长达277 m的耐除草剂花粉流量，并进行了逆幂回归分析。使用对抽ing和破坏抽ers的敏感性不高或非常低的甜菜品种是可以延迟基因流动的两个必要措施。

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